HPV typization

HPV typization is a laboratory procedure that identifies specific strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) present in tissue samples or body fluids. There are more than 100 types of HPV, some of which cause genital warts, while others can lead to precancerous changes and cancer, particularly cervical cancer, but also other types of cancer such as anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal, and oropharyngeal cancers.

Why is typization performed?

Different types of HPV have different risks for cancer development. The most well-known high-risk types are HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. Typization helps assess the risk of developing precancerous changes or cancer. Detection of high-risk HPV types may indicate the need for closer monitoring and potential interventions to prevent cancer development.

How is it performed?

The procedure typically begins with taking a sample of tissue or fluid, usually during a Pap test or colposcopy. The sample is sent to a laboratory where molecular analysis (most commonly PCR – polymerase chain reaction) is conducted to detect the virus's DNA or RNA. The test can identify specific types of HPV present in the sample.