Endometrial biopsy for NK and plasma cells
Endometrial biopsy for the assessment of natural killer (NK) cells and plasma cells is a medical procedure used to evaluate the condition of the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterus), particularly in the context of reproductive difficulties or immune system disorders. This procedure allows doctors to gain a more detailed insight into the immune processes occurring within the endometrium, which can be crucial in diagnosing and treating certain conditions related to infertility or recurrent miscarriages.
What are the indications for performing the procedure?
Recurrent miscarriages: Women who have had multiple miscarriages without an obvious cause may benefit from this biopsy. Abnormal activity or increased presence of NK cells or plasma cells in the endometrium may be factors contributing to miscarriages. Implantation failures in assisted reproduction procedures: If a woman has multiple implantation failures after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other assisted reproduction treatments, a biopsy may help identify possible immune barriers to successful implantation. Unexplained infertility: In cases of unexplained infertility, where standard tests do not reveal the reasons for conception or pregnancy maintenance issues, this biopsy may provide additional information. History of autoimmune or inflammatory conditions: Women with autoimmune conditions or chronic pelvic inflammation may have altered immune responses in the endometrium that affect pregnancy.
How is it performed?
Preparation: The procedure is usually performed in the second half of the menstrual cycle, typically before the expected onset of menstruation, as this is when the endometrium is thickest and most suitable for analysis. No special preparation is required, but the patient will usually receive instructions not to eat or drink for several hours before the procedure if they opt for analgesosedation. Execution: The patient is positioned in the gynecological position. A local anesthetic may be used to minimize discomfort, although the biopsy is often performed without anesthesia. A pipette is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity, and a small tissue sample of the endometrium is taken. Sample analysis: The collected sample is sent to the laboratory where the presence and activity of NK cells and plasma cells are analyzed. This analysis may include immunohistochemical staining and other specialized tests. After the procedure: After the biopsy, the patient can go home immediately and continue with their usual activities. It is normal to experience slight bleeding or cramping after the procedure. Results: Biopsy results are usually available after a few days to weeks, depending on laboratory procedures. The doctor will discuss the results with the patient and any further treatment steps.
