Cystectomy
Cystectomy, in the context of removing an ovarian cyst, is a surgical procedure used to remove cysts from the ovaries. It can be performed as minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopy, or as an open operation, depending on the size of the cyst and other factors.
When is it indicated?
Removal of an ovarian cyst may be indicated in the following cases: Large or growing cysts: If the cysts on the ovaries are particularly large or show signs of growth, removal may be recommended. Painful cysts: Cysts that cause significant pain or discomfort are often candidates for surgical removal. Cysts causing symptoms: Cysts that cause symptoms such as pressure on the bladder or intestines, pelvic pain, or difficulties with urination or defecation. Suspected malignancy: If there is suspicion that a cyst may be malignant, cystectomy may be recommended for removal and biopsy of the cyst. Cysts disrupting normal function: Cysts that disrupt the normal function of the ovaries or other reproductive organs. Cysts that do not respond to hormonal therapy: Some ovarian cysts are treated with hormonal therapy. If the cysts do not respond to this treatment, surgical removal may be recommended. Cysts with complications: Cysts that rupture or cause torsion (twisting) of the ovary are emergencies that often require urgent cystectomy.
How is it performed?
Laparoscopic cystectomy: Laparoscopic cystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure. The patient is given general anesthesia, and small incisions (usually 3) are made in the abdominal area. A laparoscope (a thin instrument with a camera) and other surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions. The surgeon carefully separates the cyst from the ovary and removes it. A sample of the cyst may be sent for pathological analysis to determine whether the cyst is benign or malignant. After removal of the cyst, the incisions are closed with sutures. Open cystectomy (laparotomy): If the cyst is very large or there is suspicion of malignancy, open cystectomy may be recommended. This procedure involves a larger incision in the abdominal area. The cyst is then removed through this incision, and the incision is subsequently closed with sutures. Open cystectomy may also be necessary if unexpected complications arise during a laparoscopic procedure.
Postoperative care
Immediately after surgery: Patients are usually transferred to the postoperative department for monitoring vital signs and recovery from anesthesia. Pain is common after surgery, and the anesthesiologist will prescribe appropriate pain relief medications to make the postoperative process as painless as possible. Mobilization: Patients are encouraged to get up and walk early to reduce the risk of blood clots and improve circulation. Wound care: Patients will receive detailed instructions on wound care, including how to properly clean and care for the surgical incision. Monitoring for possible complications: It is important to watch for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus at the incision site, as well as any signs of internal bleeding. Nutrition and hydration: Postoperative nutrition typically begins with liquids, gradually transitioning to solid food. Fluid intake is extremely important. Limiting physical activity: Patients are usually advised to avoid heavy activities and lifting heavy objects for the first few weeks. Follow-up examinations: Follow-up examinations are planned to assess healing and discuss the results of the pathological analysis of the cyst, if performed.
Possible complications
As with any surgery, there are risks associated with cystectomy; including infection, bleeding, damage to surrounding organs, and complications related to anesthesia.
